{"id":33084,"date":"2026-09-30T12:13:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T10:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sano.science\/?p=33084"},"modified":"2026-10-28T12:20:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:20:21","slug":"accurate-is-not-the-same-as-reliable-ai-in-clinical-settings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sano.science\/accurate-is-not-the-same-as-reliable-ai-in-clinical-settings\/","title":{"rendered":"Accurate is not the same as reliable: AI in clinical settings"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">A model that scores well on accuracy tests will not necessarily work reliably in a real hospital. In a paper for the 34th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD 2026), Sano&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Paulina_Tworek_Sano.png\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"23554\">Paulina Tworek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/people\/yousef-khan\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"14242\">Yousef Khan<\/a>, Mi\u0142osz Bargie\u0142 and <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/people\/jose-sousa\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"545\">Jose Sousa<\/a> propose a new way to judge this. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory \u2013 an approach that studies how people, tools and rules come to work together as one system \u2013 they introduce the &#8220;enrollability&#8221; framework: four criteria that describe when a language-processing method can become a dependable part of clinical infrastructure. The team then compared a rule-based system with two large language models (LLMs), Llama-3-8B-it and Gemma-7b-it, on 1,679 Polish clinical summaries (epicrises) of young patients. The two yardsticks \u2013 accuracy and enrollability \u2013 gave different verdicts. The authors suggest that common LLM failures, such as hallucinations (confidently made-up content), variability between physicians and mismatched notation, may be linked to how these models generate text \u2013 by predicting the next word \u2013 and not only to the limits of what they can do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/isd2014\/proceedings2026\/transformation\/3\/\">&#8220;Actor-Network Theory Analysis of When LLMs Can and Cannot Be Enrolled&#8221;<\/a><br>Autors: Paulina Tworek, Yousef Khan, Mi\u0142osz Bargie\u0142, Tomasz Pe\u0142ech-Pilichowski, Marek Miko\u0142ajczyk, Roman Lewandowski, Jose Sousa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":"New publication","author":8,"featured_media":30902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"editor_plus_post_options":"{}","editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - 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In a paper for the 34th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD 2026), Sano's <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Paulina_Tworek_Sano.png\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"23554\">Paulina Tworek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/people\/yousef-khan\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"14242\">Yousef Khan<\/a>, Mi\u0142osz Bargie\u0142 and <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/people\/jose-sousa\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"545\">Jose Sousa<\/a> propose a new way to judge this. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory \u2013 an approach that studies how people, tools and rules come to work together as one system \u2013 they introduce the \"enrollability\" framework: four criteria that describe when a language-processing method can become a dependable part of clinical infrastructure. The team then compared a rule-based system with two large language models (LLMs), Llama-3-8B-it and Gemma-7b-it, on 1,679 Polish clinical summaries (epicrises) of young patients. The two yardsticks \u2013 accuracy and enrollability \u2013 gave different verdicts. The authors suggest that common LLM failures, such as hallucinations (confidently made-up content), variability between physicians and mismatched notation, may be linked to how these models generate text \u2013 by predicting the next word \u2013 and not only to the limits of what they can do.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">A model that scores well on accuracy tests will not necessarily work reliably in a real hospital. In a paper for the 34th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD 2026), Sano's <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Paulina_Tworek_Sano.png\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"23554\">Paulina Tworek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/people\/yousef-khan\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"14242\">Yousef Khan<\/a>, Mi\u0142osz Bargie\u0142 and <a href=\"https:\/\/sano.science\/people\/jose-sousa\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"545\">Jose Sousa<\/a> propose a new way to judge this. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory \u2013 an approach that studies how people, tools and rules come to work together as one system \u2013 they introduce the \"enrollability\" framework: four criteria that describe when a language-processing method can become a dependable part of clinical infrastructure. The team then compared a rule-based system with two large language models (LLMs), Llama-3-8B-it and Gemma-7b-it, on 1,679 Polish clinical summaries (epicrises) of young patients. The two yardsticks \u2013 accuracy and enrollability \u2013 gave different verdicts. The authors suggest that common LLM failures, such as hallucinations (confidently made-up content), variability between physicians and mismatched notation, may be linked to how these models generate text \u2013 by predicting the next word \u2013 and not only to the limits of what they can do.<\/p>\n"]},{"blockName":"core\/spacer","attrs":{"height":"30px","epAnimationGeneratedClass":"edplus_anim-3tkfgf","epGeneratedClass":"eplus-wrapper"},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n"]},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"epAnimationGeneratedClass":"edplus_anim-NACIZn","epGeneratedClass":"eplus-wrapper"},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/isd2014\/proceedings2026\/transformation\/3\/\">\"Actor-Network Theory Analysis of When LLMs Can and Cannot Be Enrolled\"<\/a><br>Autors: Paulina Tworek, Yousef Khan, Mi\u0142osz Bargie\u0142, Tomasz Pe\u0142ech-Pilichowski, Marek Miko\u0142ajczyk, Roman Lewandowski, Jose Sousa<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/isd2014\/proceedings2026\/transformation\/3\/\">\"Actor-Network Theory Analysis of When LLMs Can and Cannot Be Enrolled\"<\/a><br>Autors: Paulina Tworek, Yousef Khan, Mi\u0142osz Bargie\u0142, Tomasz Pe\u0142ech-Pilichowski, Marek Miko\u0142ajczyk, Roman Lewandowski, Jose Sousa<\/p>\n"]}],"meta_data":{"has_thumbnail_pattern":false,"share_on_social_media":{"has_social_media":false}},"featured_image":{"url":"https:\/\/sano.science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/publications-Sano-1024x544.jpg"},"main_category":{"name":"Uncategorized"},"prev_page":{"slug":"meet-sano-at-vph-2026-in-milan"},"next_page":{"slug":"malawski-dziennik-polski-interview"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33084"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33088,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33084\/revisions\/33088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sano.science\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}